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篇名
解剖學-頸肌群,基礎醫學教室
重要考點
舌骨下肌群和舌骨上肌群各由哪些肌肉所組成,以及其起止點、作用與神經支配等內容是您必須掌握的重點!
說明
(頸肌群重點整理)

肌群

名稱

Origin

淺肌群

--

頸闊肌
platysma

subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions

--

胸鎖乳突肌
sternocleidomastoid

manubrium,
medial 1/3 of the clavicle

舌骨下肌群

肩胛舌骨肌
omohyoid

Upper border of the scapula

胸骨舌骨肌
sternohyoid

manubrium of sternum

胸骨甲狀肌
sternothyroid

manubrium

甲狀舌骨肌
thyrohyoid

thyroid cartilage of larynx

舌骨上肌群

二腹肌
Digastrics
(註)起源

(1)前腹:
the first pharyngeal arch
(2)後腹:
the second pharyngeal arch

(1)前腹:digastric fossa (mandible bone)
(2)後腹:mastoid process (temporal bone)

下頜舌骨肌
mylohyoid

Mylohyoid line (mandible)

頦舌骨肌geniohyoid

Symphysis menti

莖突舌骨肌
stylohyoid

styloid process (temporal)

深肌群

前斜角肌
scalenus anterior

the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae

中斜角肌
scalenus medius

後斜角肌
scalenusposterior



肌群

名稱

Insertion

淺肌群

--

頸闊肌
platysma

base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris

--

胸鎖乳突肌
sternocleidomastoid

mastoid process

舌骨下肌群

肩胛舌骨肌
omohyoid

Hyoid bone

胸骨舌骨肌
sternohyoid

hyoid bone

胸骨甲狀肌
sternothyroid

thyroid cartilage

甲狀舌骨肌
thyrohyoid

hyoid bone

舌骨上肌群

二腹肌
Digastrics
(註)起源

(1)前腹:
the first pharyngeal arch
(2)後腹:
the second pharyngeal arch

以中間腱附著於舌骨體(Intermediate tendon)

下頜舌骨肌
mylohyoid

body of hyoid bone and median raphe

頦舌骨肌geniohyoid

hyoid bone

莖突舌骨肌
stylohyoid

greater cornu of hyoid bone

深肌群

前斜角肌
scalenus anterior

the first ribs

中斜角肌
scalenus medius

the second ribs

後斜角肌
scalenusposterior

the second ribs



肌群

名稱

Action

淺肌群

--

頸闊肌
platysma

拉口角向下,並使頸部皮膚起皺Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and widens it (as in expressions of sadness and fright)

--

胸鎖乳突肌
sternocleidomastoid

Unilaterally: the head inclining to the same side and the face is rotated to the opposite side. Bilaterally: raise the head

舌骨下肌群

肩胛舌骨肌
omohyoid

to depress, retract the hyoid bone in swallowing and phonation.

胸骨舌骨肌
sternohyoid

胸骨甲狀肌
sternothyroid

甲狀舌骨肌
thyrohyoid

舌骨上肌群

二腹肌
Digastrics
(註)起源

(1)前腹:
the first pharyngeal arch
(2)後腹:
the second pharyngeal arch

參加口腔底組成;固定舌骨;下拉下頜骨,協助張口說話及吞嚥動作
(to pull the hyoid upward, backward and forward in swallowing and speaking, help to depress the mandible)

下頜舌骨肌
mylohyoid

頦舌骨肌geniohyoid

莖突舌骨肌
stylohyoid

深肌群

前斜角肌
scalenus anterior

to elevate the ribs and flex and rotate the cervical vertebral column

中斜角肌
scalenus medius

後斜角肌
scalenusposterior



肌群

名稱

Innervation

淺肌群

--

頸闊肌
platysma

Cervical branch of the facial nerve

--

胸鎖乳突肌
sternocleidomastoid

Accessory N.

舌骨下肌群

肩胛舌骨肌
omohyoid

頸攀
(Ansa cervicalis)
(C1~3)

胸骨舌骨肌
sternohyoid

胸骨甲狀肌
sternothyroid

甲狀舌骨肌
thyrohyoid

舌骨上肌群

二腹肌
Digastrics
(註)起源

(1)前腹:
the first pharyngeal arch
(2)後腹:
the second pharyngeal arch

前腹:Trigeminal N.的mandibular N.分

後腹:Facial N.

下頜舌骨肌
mylohyoid

Mandibular N.的mylohyoid nerve分

頦舌骨肌geniohyoid

與舌下神經伴行的第1頸神經前支
(C1 via the hypoglossal nerve)

莖突舌骨肌
stylohyoid

Cervical branch of the facial nerve

深肌群

前斜角肌
scalenus anterior

頸神經前支
(C3~4)

中斜角肌
scalenus medius

後斜角肌
scalenusposterior

(註)二腹肌可將頸前三角分割成3塊小三角區(The Digastricus divides the anterior triangle of the neck into three smaller triangles),參考下圖(圖片摘自網路):

  1. 下頜下三角( Submandibular triangle):又稱二腹肌三角,上界是下頜骨下緣(the lower border of the body of the mandible),下界是二腹肌的前後腹(below by the posterior belly of the Digastricus and the Stylohyoideus, in front by the anterior belly of the Diagastricus),底由下頜舌骨肌(mylohyoid)、舌骨舌肌(hyoglossus)、咽上縮肌構成。此三角內含下颌下腺 submandibular gland、舌下神经、舌神经及下颌舌骨肌支、面动脉、舌动脉。
  2. 頸動脈三角(carotid triangle):or superior carotid triangle位於胸鎖乳突肌(Sternocleidomastoideus)、肩胛舌骨肌(omohyoideus)和二腹肌後腹(posterior belly of the Digastricus)之間。內有迷走神經、副神經、舌下神經、頸內靜脈及其屬支、頸總動脈及其分支、頸深淋巴結等。
  3. 舌骨上三角(suprahyoid triangle):又稱頦下三角(submental triangle), 外側是the anterior belly of the Digastricus,內側是the middle line of the neck from the hyoid bone to the symphysis menti,下界是the body of the hyoid bone所形成的區域。

  1. Mandible
  2. Stylohyoid m.
  3. Digastric m.
  4. Digastric m.
  5. Submaxillary triangle
  6. Suprahyoid triangle
  7. Superior carotid triangle
  8. Sternocleidomastoid m.
  9. Occipital triangle
  10. Omohyoid m.
  11. Inferior carotid triangle
  12. Trapezius m.
  13. Hyoid m.
  14. Subclavian triangle
相關考題
(問題來了) 以下題目摘自考選部公佈醫師專技高考試題
<96-1-22>頸闊肌(platysma muscle)與下列何肌肉受相同神經支配?
  1. 莖突舌骨肌(stylohyoid muscle)
  2. 咬肌(masseter muscle)
  3. 二腹肌前腹(anterior belly of digastric muscle)
  4. 肩胛舌骨肌(omohyoid muscle)
解答:A
<98-1-23>下列有關舌下神經(hypoglossal nerve)之敘述,何者為錯誤?
  1. 舌下神經發自於延腦之錐體(pyramid)與橄欖(olive)之間
  2. 舌下神經行經於頸內與頸外動脈(internal and external carotid arteries)之外側
  3. 舌下神經支配頦舌肌(genioglossal muscle)、莖舌肌(styloglossal muscle)及齶舌肌(palatoglossal muscle)
  4. 與舌下神經伴行的第一頸神經腹側枝(ventral ramus)支配甲狀舌骨肌(thyrohyoid muscle)
解答:C
<100-1-20>莖突咽肌(stylopharyngeal muscle)由下列何者支配?
  1. 第九顱神經 
  2. 第七顱神經
  3. 下頜神經(mandibular nerve) 
  4. 交感神經(sympathetic nerve)
解答:A
關鍵詞
頸肌群、舌骨下肌群、舌骨上肌群、二腹肌三角、下頜下三角、頸動脈三角、舌骨上三角

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