疾病 | 鼻竇炎 | 中耳炎 | 咽喉炎 | 細支氣管炎 | 哮吼症候群 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
病毒 | ||||||
流感病毒 (Influenza) |
+ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
副流感病毒( Parainfluenza) | + | + | ++ | ++ | +++ | |
鼻病毒 (Rhinovirus) |
++ | + | + | |||
腺病毒 (Adenovirus) |
+ | + | +++ | + | + | |
呼吸道 融合病毒 (RSV) |
+ | +++ | + | +++ | + | |
冠狀病毒 (Coronavirus) |
++ | + | ||||
腸病毒(Enterovirus) | + | + | +++ | + | ||
E-B virus | ++ | |||||
細菌 | ||||||
肺炎鏈球菌 (S. pneumonia) |
+++ | +++ | + | |||
金葡菌 (S.aureus) |
+ | + | + | |||
腐生葡萄球菌 (S.pyogenes) |
+ | + | +++ | |||
流感嗜血桿菌 (H. influenza) |
++ | ++ | ++ | + | ||
卡他莫拉菌 (M. catarrhalis) |
++ | ++ | ||||
白喉桿菌 (C.diphtheria) |
+ | + | ||||
黴漿菌 (M. pneumonia) |
+ | + | + | + | + |
抗生素 | 劑量 | 肺炎鏈球菌 | 金葡菌 | 流感嗜血桿菌 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Penicillin | ||||
Penicillin VK | 250 mg = 400000 units , of Penicillin G, 25-50 mg/kg/day(max . 3 g/day) | + | +++ | = |
Penicillin V | 250 mg = 400000 units, of Penicillin G, 25-50 mg/kg/day(max . 3 g/day) | + | +++ | = |
Penicillinase—resistant Penicillin | ||||
Dicloxacillin | 25-50 mg/kg/day divided Q 6 hr | +++ | +++ | = |
Cloxacillin | 50-100 mg/kg/day divided Q 6 hr | +++ | +++ | = |
Broad-Spectrum Penicillin | ||||
Amoxicillin |
|
+ | +++ | ++ |
Ampiciliin | 50-100 mg/kg/day divided Q 6 hr | + | +++ | ++ |
Augmentin (Amoxicillin-Clavulanate) |
25-45 mg/kg/day divided BID | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Cephalosporins (第一代) | ||||
Cephalexin(Ulexin) | 25-50 mg/kg/day divided Q 6 hr | +++ | +++ | + |
Cephradine(U-Save) | 25-50 mg/kg/day divided Q 6 hr | +++ | +++ | + |
Cefadroxil | 30 mg/kg/day divided Q12 hr | +++ | +++ | + |
Cephalosporins (第二代) | ||||
Cefaclor | 20-40mg/kg/day divided Q8-12hr | + | +++ | ++ |
Cefuroxime axetil (Zinnat) |
30 mg/kg/day divided Q12hr (40 mg/kg/day for otitis) |
+++ | +++ | +++ |
Cephalosporins (第三代) | ||||
Cefixime | 8mg/kg/day divided Q12-24hr | + | ++ | +++ |
Cefprozil | 30 mg/kg/day divided Q12hr | +++ | +++ | ++ |
Macrolides | ||||
Erylhromycin | 30-50 mg/kg/day divided Q 6 hr. Infants less than 4 months of age: 20-40 mg/kg/ day divided Q6hr |
+ | +++ | + |
Azithromycin (Zithromax) |
l0 mg/kg on day 1, followed by ,5 mg/kg on days 2-5 | + | ++ | ++ |
Clarithromycin (Klaricid) |
15 mg/kg/day divided BID | + | +++ | ++ |
其他 | ||||
TMP-SMX (Bakter) |
kg/day divided Q 12 hr | + | +++ | +++ |
Metronidazole | 15-35 mg/kg/day divided Q 6 hr | = | = | = |
Clindamycin | 20-30 mg/kg/day divided Q 6-8hr | +++ | +++ | = |
Doxycycline |
|
++ | ++ | + |
Rifampin |
|
+++ | ++ | +++ |
Penicillin-V |
|
Amoxicillin |
|
Cloxacillin、Dicloxacillin | 腸胃道不適、腹瀉 |
Augmentin | 易產生噁心、嘔吐、腹瀉、腹部絞痛,故要和食物一起食用 |
Cephalexin (Ulexin) |
腸胃道不適、頭暈、疲倦、頭痛、嗜中性球缺乏症、紅疹、AST↑ |
Cephradine (U-Save) |
|
Erythromycin |
|
Clarithromycin、Azithromycin |
|
TMP-SMX |
|
Tetracycline、Doxycycline | 抑制骨頭生長、牙齒變色、法琅質發育不全、光敏感、上腹部不舒服、食道裂傷 |
Clindamycin |
|
Rifampin |
|