(1) 臂叢主要由第 C5~8 前支和第 T1 前支等 5 條神經根組成 ( five anterior rami of the spinal nerves ) ,經斜角肌間隙穿出,位於鎖骨下動脈後上方,經鎖骨後方進入腋窩。全長約 15 cm 。
(2)5 神經根 (root) 在第 1 肋骨附近形成 3 個幹 (trunk)( roots merge to form three trunks ) : C5~6 神經根組成上幹 (upper trunk) , C7 組成中幹 (middle trunk) , C8 ~T1 形成下幹 (lower trunk) 。
(3) trunk 又在鎖骨表面分別分出前後兩股 (division) ,每股長約 1cm ,共組成 6 個 divisions( Each trunk then splits in two, to form six divisions ) 。
(4) cord 在腋窩裡面分成內側束 (medial cord) 、後束 (posterior cord) 、外側束 (lateral cord) ,圍繞腋動脈的中段。
(5) cord 在喙突附近分為神經分支,形成終末神經 (terminal branch) 。
發出部位 |
神經名稱 |
---|---|
Root |
Long thoracic nerve |
Dorsal scapular nerve |
|
Phrenic nerve |
|
Upper |
suprascapular nerve |
subclavius nerve |
|
Lateral cord |
lateral pectoral nerve |
musculocutaneous nerve (finally becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm ) |
|
lateral root of the median nerve |
|
Medial cord |
medial pectoral nerve |
medial root of the median nerve |
|
Ulnar nerve |
|
medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm |
|
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm |
|
Posterior |
Axillary nerve |
Radial nerve |
|
lower subscapular nerve |
|
upper subscapular nerve |
|
thoracodorsal nerve (middle subscapular nerve) |
發出部位 |
根的組成 |
---|---|
Root |
C5 ~ 7 |
C3 ~ 5 |
|
C2 ~ 5 |
|
Upper |
C5 ~ 6 |
C5 ~ 6 |
|
Lateral cord |
C5 ~ 7 |
C5 ~ 7 |
|
C5 ~ 6 |
|
Medial cord |
C8 ~ T1 |
Posterior |
C5 ~ 6 |
C5 ~ 8 , T1 |
|
C5 ~ 6 |
|
C5 ~ 6 |
|
C6 ~ 8 |
發出部位 |
肌肉與皮膚 |
---|---|
Root |
前鋸肌 ( serratus anterior ) 麻痺時,可出現 wings of scapula |
肩胛提肌 ( levator scapulae ) 、大小菱形肌 ( rhomboid muscles ) |
|
膈肌 (diaphragm) |
|
Upper |
肩胛上肌 (supraspinatus) 、肩胛下 (infraspinatus) |
鎖骨下肌 (subclavius muscle) |
|
Lateral cord |
胸大肌 ( pectoralis major ) 、胸小肌 ( pectoralis minor which by communicating with the medial pectoral nerve ) |
喙肱肌 ( coracobrachialis ) 、肱肌 ( brachialis ) 、肱二頭肌 ( biceps brachii ) ;前臂外側皮膚感覺 |
|
正中神經支配的纖維 (fibres to the median nerve) |
|
Medial cord |
胸大肌、胸小肌 ( pectoralis major and pectoralis minor ) |
正中神經支配的纖維 (fibres to the median nerve) ; portions of hand not served by ulnar or radial |
|
(1) 尺側屈腕肌 (flexor carpi ulnaris , FCU) 、屈指深肌尺側半 (the medial two bellies of flexor digitorum profundus ) 、尺神經深支所支配的小魚際肌、 拇收肌 、骨間肌、第 3~4 蚓狀肌等 (the intrinsic hand muscles except the thenar muscles and the two most lateral lumbricals ) |
|
前臂內側皮膚感覺 ( medial skin of the forearm) |
|
上臂前內側皮膚感覺 ( front and medial skin of the arm ) |
|
Posterior |
(1) 後支 ( posterior branch ) :小圓肌 ( teres minor) 、 三角肌 ( deltoid muscles) |
肱三頭肌 ( triceps brachii) 、肘肌 ( anconeus ) 、旋後肌 ( supinator ) 、肱橈肌 (brachioradialis) 、 ECRL 等部分前臂外在肌 (the extensor muscles of the forearm ) ;上臂後側皮膚感覺 (skin of the posterior arm as the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm ) |
|
肩胛下肌 ( subscapularis , lower part ) 、大圓肌 (teres major) |
|
肩胛下肌 ( subscapularis , upper part) |
|
背闊肌 ( latissimus dorsi) |
- 肌皮神經( musculocutaneous nerve )
- 橈神經( radial nerve )
- 腋神經( axillary nerve )
- 尺神經( ulnar nerve )
- 橈神經
- 正中神經
- 尺神經
- 前臂橈神經
- 大拇指的掌面( palmar surface of thumb )
- 前臂掌面的尺側( ulnar side of the volar surface of forearm )
- 小指的掌面( palmar surface of the 5th finger )
- 手背近虎口處( dorsum of hand between the thumb and the 2nd finger )
- 旋肱後動脈( posterior circumflex humeral artery )
- 旋肱前動脈( anterior circumflex humeral artery )
- 肱深動脈( profunda brachii artery )
- 橈側返動脈( radial recurrent artery )
- 橈神經( radial nerve )與肩胛上動脈( suprascapular artery )
- 腋神經( axillary nerve )與旋肱動脈( circumflex humeral artery )
- 肩胛上神經( suprascapular nerve )與肩胛下動脈( subscapular artery )
- 胸長神經( long thoracic nerve )與臂動脈( brachial artery )
- 橈神經( radial nerve )
- 正中神經( median nerve )
- 尺神經( ulnar nerve )
- 尺動脈( ulnar artery )
- 肱動脈( brachial artery )
- 肱二頭肌肌腱( tendon of biceps brachii )
- 正中神經( median nerve )
- 尺神經( ulnar nerve )
- 骨間總神經( common interosseous nerve )
- 正中神經( median nerve )
- 尺神經( ulnar nerve )
- 橈神經( radial nerve )
- 腕關節屈曲( flexion of wrist )
- 手指關節之伸展( extension of fingers )
- 腕關節之旋前功能( pronation of wrist )
- 肩關節之外展( abduction of shoulder )
- 在胸廓的前壁
- 下壓肋骨
- 由肋間神經支配
- 可向前旋轉肩胛骨
- 肱骨外科頸處( surgical neck of humerus ),腋神經受傷
- 肱骨上 1/3 處,正中神經受傷
- 肱骨中段,橈神經受傷
- 肱骨滑車( trochlea of humerus ),尺神經受傷
- 掌長肌( palmaris longus )
- 橈側屈腕肌( flexor carpi radialis )
- 尺側屈腕肌( flexor carpi ulnaris )
- 屈指淺肌( flexor digitorum superficialis )
- 肌皮神經( musculocutaneous nerve )
- 橈神經( radial nerve )
- 腋神經( axillary nerve )
- 尺神經( ulnar nerve )
- 正中神經( median nerve )
- 肌皮神經( musculocutaneous nerve )
- 橈神經( radial nerve )
- 尺神經( ulnar nerve )
- 手掌魚際區( thenar eminence )的感覺
- 手的對掌動作
- 大拇指的感覺
- 第三指的感覺
- 肌皮神經
- 正中神經
- 橈神經
- 尺神經
- 正中神經是負責手掌大拇指側感覺的主要神經
- 尺神經負責手掌內側的感覺
- 橈神經負責整個手背的感覺
- 尺神經受傷,會造成第四及第五指的遠端指間關節不能屈曲
- 正中神經
- 腋神經
- 尺神經
- 橈神經
- 前鋸肌( serratus anterior )
- 斜方肌( trapezius )
- 大菱形肌( rhomboid major )
- 肩胛提肌( levator scapulae )