作用原理
正常人口服葡萄糖後幾乎全部會被腸道吸收,使血糖迅速上升,這時胰島素分泌,可促進組織對葡萄糖的利用;約後30~60分鐘血中血糖濃度達到高峰,但峰值不超過200mg/Dl。以後迅速下降,在2小時左右下降到接近正常水準。D.M患者,耐糖功能低下,口服葡萄糖峰值超過200mg/dL,且高峰延遲。
方法
告知患者,OGTT測試前幾天~幾週內不要限制每日的碳水化合物攝入量,最好前3天內每天碳水化合物攝入量不少於150克。無其他疾病下,試驗開始前8~12小時停止進食,但可以喝水,試驗最好從早晨6~8點進行(The patient is instructed not to restrict carbohydrate intake in the days or weeks before the test. The test should not be done during an illness, as results may not reflect the patients glucose metabolism when healthy. Usually the OGTT is performed in the morning as glucose tolerance can exhibit a diurnal rhythm with a significant decrease in the afternoon. The patient is instructed to fast (water is allowed) for 8~12 hours prior to the tests)。先測空腹血糖,然後將75克葡萄糖溶於250ml水中,在5分鐘內喝完(glucose solution to drink within a 5 minute time frame),兒童服葡萄糖量可按每公斤體重1.75克計算(The WHO recommendation is for a 75g oral dose in all adults. the dose is adjusted for weight only in children:1.75 grams of glucose per kilogram of body weight, to a maximum dose of 75 g);在服糖後30分鐘、60分鐘、120分鐘、180分鐘再分別測血糖,並收集尿液,檢查空腹及120分鐘時的尿糖(If renal glycosuria is suspected, urine samples may also be collected for testing along with the fasting and 2 hour blood tests)。
OGTT診斷標準
一、各項正常血漿血糖上限值:
- 空腹 125m g/dL( 6.9m moL/)
- 口服糖後 30 分鐘 190m g/dL( 10.5m mol/L)
- 60 分鐘 180m g/dL( 10.0m moL/L)
- 120 分鐘 140m g/dL( 7.8m moL/L)
- 180 分鐘 125m g/dL( 6.9m moL/L)
50 歲以上者,每長 10 歲,又可分別在 30 分鐘、 60 分鐘、 120 分鐘各增加 5m g/Dl 、 10m d/dL 、 5m g/dL 。
二、解釋: 對空腹糖正常或升高,以及餐後2小時血糖可疑升高等患者,都不能完全肯定糖尿病,均必須進一步做OGTT才能做出最後診斷。
OGTT空腹血糖正常值在110mg/dl以下(Normal fasting plasma glucose should be below 110 mg/dl ). 空腹血糖值在110~125mg/dl則為空腹血糖增高,126mg/dl以上則為糖尿病(Fasting levels 110 ~125 mg/dl are borderline (impaired fasting glycaemia,IFG), and fasting levels repeatedly at or above 126 mg/dl are diagnostic of diabetes)。 OGTT 2小時後血糖正常值應在140mg/dl以下,若血糖值在140~199mg/dl則為葡萄糖耐受不良症,200mg/dl以上則確診為糖尿病(The 2 hour OGTT glucose level should be below 140 mg/dl. Levels between 140 ~200 mg/dl indicate impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Glucose levels above 200 mg/dl at 2 hours confirms a diagnosis of diabetes)。
1999 WHO Diabetes criteria - Interpretation of OGTT |
Glucose levels |
NORMAL |
impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) |
impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) |
Diabetes Mellitus |
Venous Plasma |
Fasting |
2hrs |
Fasting |
2hrs |
Fasting |
2hrs |
Fasting |
2hrs |
mg/dl |
<110 |
<140 |
110~125 |
<140 |
<126 |
> 140 |
> 126 |
> 200 |
mmol/l |
<6.1 |
<7.8 |
6.1~6.9 |
<7.8 |
<7.0 |
> 7.8 |
> 7.0 |
> 11.1 |
特殊族群
根據2000年美國糖尿病協會的定義為:在妊娠時,只要OGTT有葡萄糖耐受不良症的情況,不管程度輕重,都可稱為妊娠糖尿病。妊娠糖尿病OGTT的標準與上述不同,請注意!
|
mg/dl |
mmol/l |
Fasting |
95 |
5.3 |
1hr |
180 |
10.0 |
2hr |
155 |
8.6 |
值得注意的是年輕女性,若有痛經與月經週期不正常,若伴有糖耐量異常及胰島素抗性存在,應該合理懷疑是否有多囊卵巢症候群疾病(Impaired glucose tolerance is often associated with insulin resistance and is often seen in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)。