篇名
解剖學-胸背肌等軀幹肌群,基礎醫學教室
重要考點
胸肌與背肌等軀幹肌群的起止點、作用與神經支配是本節重點，您必須掌握！
說明
一、胸肌分群、名稱、位置、起止點、作用與神經支配重點整
| 肌群 | 名稱 | Origin | Insertion |
| 胸上肢肌 | 胸大肌 pectoralis major |
the clavicle、sternum、1~6 costal cartilages | the crest of greater tubercle ofs humerus |
| 胸小肌 pectoralis minor |
Anterior surface of sternal ends of ribs 3~5 | Coracoids process of scapula | |
| 前鋸肌 serratus anterior |
ribs 1~8 | medial border of the scapula | |
| 胸固有肌 | 外肋間肌 intercostales externi |
上位肋骨下緣 the lower border of the upper rib |
下位肋骨上緣 To the outer lip of the upper border of the lower rib |
| 內肋間肌 intercostales interni |
the upper border of the lower rib | the lower border of the upper rib |
| 肌群 | 名稱 | Action | Innervation |
| 胸上肢肌 | 胸大肌 pectoralis major |
to adduct, flex, extend, and medially rotate the arm | Lat.thoracicN.& Medial thoracic N. (C5~T1) |
| 胸小肌 pectoralis minor |
Draws scapula forward and downward | ||
| 前鋸肌 serratus anterior |
to rotate and protract scapula; elevates ribs | Long thoracic N. (C5~C7) (損傷導致winged scapula) |
|
| 胸固有肌 | 外肋間肌 intercostales externi |
提肋助吸氣 | Intercostals N.(T1~12) |
| 內肋間肌 intercostales interni |
降肋助呼氣 |
二、背肌分群、名稱、位置、起止點、作用與神經支配重點整理
| 肌群 | 名稱 | Origin | Insertion |
| 淺肌群 | 斜方肌 Trapezius |
枕外隆凸、上項線、項韌帶、頸胸椎棘突 ext. occipital protub、superior nuchal line、 nuchal ligament、spinous processes of C7~T12 |
鎖骨外1/3、肩峰、肩胛棘 lat. 1/3 of clavicle、 acromion、spine of scapula |
| 背闊肌 Latissimus dorsi |
spinous processes of T7~L5 vertebrae、sacrum、 iliac crest | intertubercular sulcus、lesser tubercular crest | |
| 肩胛提肌 Levator scapulae |
the transverse processes of C1~4 vertebrae | 肩胛骨內側角 Medial border of scapula between spine and superior angle |
|
| 小菱形肌 Rhomboid minor |
the spinous process of C7~T1 vertebrae | 肩胛骨內側上緣 Medial border of scapula superior to spine |
|
| 大菱形肌 Rhomboid major |
the spinous process of T2~5 vertebrae | Medial border of scapula inferior to spine | |
| 深肌群 | 豎脊肌 Erector spinae (sacrospinalis) |
sacrum、 iliac crests、 spinous processes of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae | the ribs and transverse processes |
| 夾肌 Splenius |
Nuchal ligament、C7~T4 vertebrae | Mastoid process、transverse process of C1~3 vertebrae |
| 肌群 | 名稱 | Action | Innervation |
| 淺肌群 | 斜方肌 Trapezius |
Extends the head； Steadies, raises, descends, retracts and rotates the scapula | C3~4； Accessory N. |
| 背闊肌 Latissimus dorsi |
Extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially；Draws shoulder downward and backward；Helps in climbing | thoracodorsal nerve (C6~8) |
|
| 肩胛提肌 Levator scapulae |
上提肩胛骨elevates medial border of scapula | Dorsal scapular N. (C4~6) | |
| 小菱形肌 Rhomboid minor |
上提肩胛骨、 內牽肩胛骨 Retract and elevate the medial border of scapula while it downwardly rotates the lateral angle |
||
| 大菱形肌 Rhomboid major |
|||
| 深肌群 | 豎脊肌 Erector spinae (sacrospinalis) |
unilaterally, flexes the vertebral column to the same side, bilaterally, extends the vertebral column | Posterior rami of spinal N. |
| 夾肌 Splenius |
unilaterally, rotates the head to the same side, bilaterally, extends the head |
相關考題
1.包含於頸部包裹筋膜（investing fascia）之中的肌肉包括下列何者？<97-2-27>
2.下列對前鋸肌（serratus anterior）的敘述，何者正確？<99-1-18>
3.下列有關背部的敘述，何者錯誤？<99-1-23>
4.肩胛棘（scapular spine）的內側相當於下列何者的高度？<100-2-8>
- 二腹肌（digastric muscle）
- 頸闊肌（platysma muscle）
- 胸骨舌骨肌（sternohyoid muscle）
- 斜方肌（trapezius muscle）
解答：D
2.下列對前鋸肌（serratus anterior）的敘述，何者正確？<99-1-18>
- 在胸廓的前壁
- 下壓肋骨
- 由肋間神經支配
- 可向前旋轉肩胛骨
解答：D
3.下列有關背部的敘述，何者錯誤？<99-1-23>
- 豎脊肌（erector spinae）為脊柱的主要伸肌群
- 背部菱形肌（rhomboid muscle）的外型在上臂平舉時方為易見
- 位在枕下三角內的動脈為枕下動脈（suboccipital artery）
- 構成枕下三角頂部的肌肉為頭半脊肌（semispinalis capitis）
解答：C
4.肩胛棘（scapular spine）的內側相當於下列何者的高度？<100-2-8>
- 第一胸椎
- 第三胸椎
- 第五胸椎
- 第七胸椎
解答：B
關鍵詞
解剖學、胸背肌、軀幹肌群、胸上肢肌、胸固有、淺肌群、深肌群
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