解剖學-腹肌群,基礎醫學教室

篇名

解剖學-腹肌群,基礎醫學教室

重要考點

腹肌群起止點、作用與神經支配是本節重點。

說明

(前外側群)

名稱	腹直肌(Rectus abdominis)	腹外斜肌(Obliquus externus abdominis)
Origin	恥骨脊與恥骨聯合(pubic crest and pubic symphysis)	第5~12肋骨外側面(the external surface of the 5-12 ribs。Direction of fibers：run down and inward)
Insertion	劍突與第5~7肋軟骨(xiphoid and 5th-7th costal cartilages)	白線、髂嵴、腹股溝韌帶、耻骨结节与耻骨嵴(Linea alba、iliac crest、inguinal lig、public tubercle and crest)
Action	增加腹內壓，協助咳嗽、嘔吐、排便排尿、用力呼氣動作(Increase intra- abdominal pressure, aid in coughing, defecation, urination, expulsive vomiting ， force expiration 脊柱前屈、側彎，脊柱旋轉(Flex, lateral flex, and rotate vertebral column) 參與形成以下結構 : (1)腱劃(Tendinous intersections) (2)半月線(linea semilunaris)	assists forced expiration, aids in raising intraabdominaol pressure, abducts and rotates trunk 參與形成以下結構 : (1)腹外斜肌腱膜(aponeurosis) (2)腹股溝韌帶(Inguinal ligament) (3)腹股溝管淺環(Superficial inguinal ring) (4)腔隙韌帶(Lacunar ligament) (5)白線(Linea alba)
神經支配	Ant primary rami(T7-12)	Ant primary rami(T7-12)

名稱	腹內斜肌(Obliquus internus abdominis)	腹橫肌(Transversus abdominis)
Origin	胸腰筋膜、髂嵴、腹股溝韌帶(Lumbar fascia, iliac crest and inguinal lig)	第7~12肋骨外側面、胸腰筋膜、前2/3髂嵴、腹股溝韌帶(Costal margin, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament)
Insertion	止於Linea alba；其腱膜參與構成腹直肌鞘後壁(aponeurosis of ant and post rectus sheath, conjoint tendon to public crest and pectineal line)	同腹內斜肌
Action	增加腹內壓，協助用力呼氣動作，旋轉軀幹(assists forced respiration, aids raising intraabdominal pressure, abducts and rotates trunk) 參與形成以下結構： (1)腹股溝鐮(Inguinal falx) (2)提睾肌(Cremaster) (3)白線(Linea alba)	旋轉軀幹(Supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure) 參與形成的結構： (1)Inguinal falx (2)Cremaster (3)Linea alba
神經支配	Ant primary rami(T7-12)、ilioinguinal N(L1)	Ant primary rami(T7-12)、ilioinguinal N(L1)

(腹後群)

名稱	腰方肌(Quadratus lumborum)	腰大肌(Psoas major)
Origin	髂嵴後1/3、髂腰韌帶(transverse processes of L1-4, iliolumbar ligament and posterior third of iliac crest)	腰椎橫突、椎體(Transverse processes of L1-5, bodies of T12-L5)
Insertion	第12肋下緣(Inferior border of 12th rib)	股骨小轉子(lesser trochanter)
Action	呼吸時固定第12肋，腰部側彎(Fixes 12th rib during respiration and lateral flexes trunk)	髖關節彎曲與外旋(Flexes and laterally rotates hip)
神經支配	Anterior primary rami(T12-L3)	Anterior primary rami(L1,2)

名稱	腰小肌(Psoas minor)	髂肌(iliacus)
Origin	T12~L1 椎體 ( Bodies of T12 and L1 )	髂窩 ( iliac fossa )
Insertion	腰大肌與髂肌上筋膜(Fascia over psoas major and iliacus)	股骨小轉子(lesser trochanter)
Action	軀幹側彎(Weak flexor of trunk)	髖關節彎曲與內旋(Flexes and medially rotates hip)
神經支配	Ant primary rami(L1)	Femoral nerve(L2,3)

相關考題

1.腹股溝韌帶（inguinal ligament）是下列何肌的腱膜（aponeurosis）轉折所形成？ <98-1-17>

解答：B

2.腹內斜肌腱膜（aponeurosis）在下列何處包裹腹直肌？？<98-2-76>

解答：B

關鍵詞

腹肌群、前外側群、腹後群、腹直肌、基礎醫學教室